The cold start problem: how to build your machine learning portfolio

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I’m a physicist who works at a YC startup. Our job is to help new grads get hired into their first machine learning jobs.

Some time ago, I wrote about the things you should do to get hired into your first machine learning job. I said in that post that one thing you should do is build a portfolio of your personal machine learning projects. But I left out the part about how to actually to do that, so in this post, I’ll tell you how. [1]

Because of what our startup does, I’ve seen hundreds of examples of personal projects that ranged from very good to very bad. Let me tell you about two of the very good ones.

The all-in

What follows is a true story, except that I’ve changed names for privacy.

Company X uses AI to alert grocery stores when it’s time for them to order new inventory. We had one student, Ron, who really wanted to work at Company X. Ron wanted to work at Company X so badly, in fact, that he built a personal project that was 100% dedicated to getting him an interview there.

We don’t usually recommend going all-in on one company like this. It’s risky to do if you’re starting out. But — like I said — Ron really wanted to work at Company X.

So what did Ron build?

The red bounding boxes indicate missing items.
  1. Ron started by duct taping his phone to a grocery cart. Then he drove his cart up and down the aisles of a grocery store while he recorded the aisles with his camera. He did this 10–12 times at different grocery stores.
  2. Once he got home, Ron started to build a machine learning model. His model identified empty spots in grocery store shelves — places where the cornflakes (or whatever) were missing from the shelves.
  3. Here’s the awesome part: Ron built his model in real time, on GitHub, in full public view. Every day, he’d push improvements to his repo (improved accuracy, and chronicle the changes in his repo’s README.
  4. When Company X realized Ron was doing this, Company X was intrigued. More than intrigued. In fact, Company X was slightly nervous. Why would they be nervous? Because Ron had unknowingly, and in a few days, reproduced a part of their proprietary tech stack. [2]

Company X is exceptionally competent, and their technology is among the best in their industry. Nonetheless, within 4 days, Ron’s project had grabbed the direct personal attention of Company X’s CEO.

The pilot project

Here’s another true story.

Alex is a history major with a minor in Russian studies (really). Unusually for a history major, he got interested in machine learning. Even more unusually, he decided he would learn it, despite having never written a line of Python.

Alex chose to learn by building. He settled on building a classifier to detect if fighter pilots were losing consciousness in their airplanes. Alex wanted to detect this by looking at videos of pilots. He knew it was easy for a person to tell, just by looking, when a pilot is unconscious, so Alex figured it should be possible for a machine to tell, too.

Here’s what Alex did, over the course of several months:

A demo of Alex’s G-force induced loss-of-consciousness detector.
  1. Alex went on YouTube and downloaded every video clip of pilots flying planes, taken from the cockpit. (In case you’re wondering, there are a few dozen of these clips.)
  2. Next he started to label his data. Alex built a UI that let him scroll through thousands of video frames, press one button for “conscious” and another button for “unconscious”, and automatically save that frame in the correctly labeled folder. This labeling was very, very boring and took him many, many days.
  3. Alex built a data pipeline for the images that would crop the pilot out of the cockpit background — to make it easier for his classifier to focus on the pilot. Finally, he built his loss-of-consciousness classifier.
  4. At the same time as he was doing all these things, Alex was showing snapshots his project to hiring managers at networking events. Every time he took out his project and showed it off (on his phone), they asked him how he did it, about the pipeline he built, and how he collected his data. But they never quite got around to asking about his model’s accuracy — which was under 50%.

Alex planned to improve his accuracy, of course, but he was hired before he got the chance. It turned out that the visual impact of his project, and his relentless resourcefulness in data gathering, mattered much more to companies than how good his model actually was.

Did I mention Alex is a history major with a minor in Russian studies?

What they have in common

What made Ron and Alex so successful? Here are four big things they did right:

  1. Ron and Alex didn’t spend much effort on modelling. I know this sounds strange, but for many use cases nowadays modelling is a solved problem. In a real job, unless you’re doing state of the art AI research, you’ll be spending 80–90% of your time cleaning your data anyway. Why would your personal project be different?
  2. Ron and Alex gathered their own data. Because of this, they ended up with data that was messier than what you’d find in on Kaggle or the UCI data repository. But working with messy data taught them to deal with messy data. It also forced them to understand their data better than if they’d downloaded it from an academic server.
  3. Ron and Alex built visual things. An interview isn’t about your skills being objectively assessed by an all-knowing judge. An interview is about selling yourself to another human being. Human beings are visual creatures. So if you pull out your phone and show the interviewer what you built, it’s worth making sure that what you’ve built looks interesting.
  4. What Ron and Alex did seems insane. And it was insane. Normal people don’t duct tape their phones to shopping carts. Normal people don’t spend their days cropping pilots out of YouTube videos. You know who does that? People who will do whatever it takes get their work done. And companies really, really want to hire those people.

What Ron and Alex did might might seem like too much work, but really, it isn’t much more than you’d be expected to do in a real job. And that’s the whole point: when you don’t have work experience doing X, hiring managers will look for things you’ve done that simulate work experience doing X.

Fortunately you only need to do build a project at this level once or twice — Ron and Alex’s projects got reused over and over for all their interviews.

So if I had to summarize the secret to a great ML project in one sentence, it would be: Build a project with an interesting dataset that took obvious effort to collect, and make it as visually impactful as possible.

And if you have a project idea and you aren’t sure if it’s good — ask me on Twitter! My handle is @neutronsNeurons, and my DMs are open :)

***************************************************************

[1] In case you’re wondering why this is important, it’s because hiring managers try to assess you by looking at your track record. If you don’t have a track record, personal projects are the closest substitute.

[2] Of course Ron’s attempt was far from perfect: Company X had devoted orders of magnitude more resources to the problem than he had. But it was similar enough that they quickly asked Ron to make his repo private.



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Why I'm Switching from Mac to Windows

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Why I'm Switching from Mac to Windows

By Xah Lee. Date: 2009-05-26. Last updated: 2018-12-09.

I bought a PC with Windows today, and am switching to Windows from my 19 years of Mac experience with 10 years of professional unix computing. This page tells the story.

Mac vs PCMac vs PC

Why I Switched

I have a aging Mac. It is a iMac G5 (iSight model; 2005 October; MA063L/A). It is the last iMac using the PowerPC chip.

xah lee desk imac food pasta 2009-04-05 xah lee desk imac 2009-04-05

The machine is great, but is 3.5 years old. I needed a new machine. I went to local shop Fry's Electronics and was just gonna get the new Mac Mini that Apple just released this month. The cheapest Mac Mini is $600. Looking in the store, you find that a PC for the same price has about 3 times the hardware power. Or, for the same hardware muscle, the PC is about half the price.

Mac vs PC
Mac mini (MB463LL/A)
PC (Campaq Persario SR5710F)
PC (HP Pavilion A6750F)
CPU 2.0 GHz
Intel Core 2 Duo
(64 bits, dual-core)
2.3 GHz
AMD Athlon 64 X2 4450e+
(64 bits, dual-core)
2.3 GHz
AMD Phenom X4 9650
(64 bits, quad-core)
Hard Disk 120 GB 250 GB 750 GB
RAM 1 GB 3 GB 8 GB
Price $600 $350 $600

By the above comparison, you can see that the Mac is shit, and they've been in that state in the past about 6 years. The Mac OS X was beginning to save Mac since 2002, together with the pretty and robust and inexpensive first iMac (“Bondi Blue”) that debuted in 1999.

imac Bondi Blue iMac, the first iMac. 1999

The Mac had a good time from about 1999 to 2003. But since the PowerPC slowness fiasco and hence the Apple Intel transition, the gap of price/raw-power between Mac and PCs is getting wider and wider. Apple is too busy becoming a fashion and multimedia company with its iPod and iTune successes.

Software quality have always been a major part of Mac's selling point, especially in the early 1990s. The whole desktop publishing revolution. The classic Mac OS with its revolutionary graphical user interface, Photoshop, Freehand and Illustrator, PageMaker, laser printer, Hypercard, Mathematica, etc. However, these days Microsoft's software tech, in scale and quality, is quite ahead of Apple, witness the .NET, F# language, PowerShell, Direct3D, Silverlight, etc, and the operating system itself is no worse than Mac's, starting with Windows NT in the late 1990s and its descendants 2000, XP, Vista. And, almost all of the best so-called Desktop Publishing software that started life on the Mac in the early 1990s have moved to Windows as their main platform in the past decade (For example, Mathematica, Photoshop, Macromedia stuff, several 3D modelers (Strata 3D, Bryce) , DenebaDraw, Fractal Design's Painter, FrameMaker, QuarkXpress …). In fact, many no longer even produce Mac versions.

I'm tired of Mac being the second rate citizen for everything. Latest Java version comes 0.5 or 1 year later than Windows, similar for Google Chrome, Google Earth, Adobe Flash, Second Life … often come in crippled version and late. All Instant Messaging chat clients on Windows such as MSN, AOL, Yahoo, support voice or video chat, while most of these company's Mac versions still don't. This applies to just about any software. You are lucky if there is a Mac version. (For example, when i need to research virtual world technologies such as Entropia Universe, IMVU, There (virtual world), Active Worlds, none have Mac versions. When i want to try some software synths, juggling simulation software, go board game networks… Mac user's options are severely limited.)

In general, not only Mac buys you less hardware muscle, but the Mac version of software is usually slower than Windows version running on similarly powered hardware, because the software gets less development time and less optimization. (For example, JavaScript, Java, Flash, etc.) Commercial websites often have problems when accessed with Mac browsers, since many of them only test it with Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser. (not Apple's fault, but fact of life.)

I own a Mac since 1991, and i own at least 2 Macs since 1999. I was a DEDICATED Mac fan thru-out the 1990s.

I started to use Windows at work 1999 to 2002, and also own a fancy Windows laptop from about 2003 to 2005. But Since ~2006, i haven't touched Windows. I'm a unix sys admin and programer in web app and scientific computing fields. I'm pretty familiar with Windows as power user, but never did sys admin nor done any programing with Windows's technologies, because i never cared to learn any Microsoft techs. [see On Microsoft Hatred]

With this switch today, i'm committed to dig into Microsoft Windows's technologies. [see Xah Microsoft Windows Tips]

Graphics Card

Also bought: “BFG Tech NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GT 512 MB”, for about $120. video card

This is for playing Second Life, and my geometry 3D visualization needs. On the Mac, adding a graphics card is practically impossible unless you buy a Mac Pro, which starts at $2500. For the same hardware power and quality, a PC costs about $1000 less.

Display

For display, i got “LG L227WTG 22-Inch Widescreen LCD Monitor”. computer monitor It has pixel dimension of 1680×1050. Actually bought it in 2008-12-01.

Spec: L227WTG_spec_sheet.pdf.

My PC Specs

2011-01-07

Update. Sometimes people ask me how it went. Here's my experience.

On the whole, about the question of Mac or Windows, i'd say they are same overall. Yes, Mac still prettier, more quality UI design, things just work. But Windows much cheaper, more software, but more virus to worry about, etc. Same old story. I didn't feel i lost something important by the switch, nor landing on something better.

  • I do miss the Mac OS X's builtin unix tools. On Windows, you can use Cygwin but there's always little annoyances all over. If you dev with unix tools such as gcc, Apache, Python Perl, then OS X is much better. (or get a PC + Linux)
  • On PC, i really appreciate the far cheaper price, the ability to install latest Graphics Card. Basically if you are a game developer, you have to have PC. This is the most important win for PC for me.

2014-02-02

in 2011-01, i switched to Linux as my main desktop.

2018-12-09

State of Mac vs Windows vs Linux 2018

Since 2017-09, am back to Mac. Got a free MacMini as a gift.

Xah Keyboards 2017-09

But since 2018-12, am also using Windows 10 on Microsoft Surface Pro daily.

see Microsoft Surface Pro

Today, virus is less a worry. Well, still, but not like before. Any Mac Microsoft Linux are susceptible to malware. Like, never plug in a usb from a stranger.

The situation of Mac vs Windows vs Linux is somewhat different now.

Linux basically sucks the most. Most difficult to use. You spend several hours per week to get things to work. And linux is always some years behind in supporting any bleeding edge tech, Such as any hand writing recognization, speech recognization, voice to speech, addon devices, display port 2 monitors, USB 3.1 (or whatever latest), etc. You always have to spend few hours to research everything. Lots problems. But hey its free. What can you say.

Windows machine is still half as expensive as Mac. As far as using, now softwrae on Microsoft Windows is as good as Mac. But Windows respect your privacy less than Mac. However, most privacy concerns moved to the web. Google is now the omniscient king of evil empire, far worse than Microsoft ever was.

For programers, a big plus for Microsoft Windows is that now they support running linux programs natively. No more Cygwin [see Installing Cygwin Tutorial] , and no need virtual machine. [see How to Install Linux on VirtualBox]

Mac is just good, but expensive. You live in a walled garden. The same addon devices for Mac is twice as expensive for Mac than for Windows. And, Mac now has dongle hell. Mac design has become bad. [see Worst Apple Designs]

Apple is now as evil as every one, intentionally make your iphone slow when new iphone is out, etc. MacOS is getting worse, less attention from Apple. Safari is the worst browser out there now.

also, new is the sinister social justice warrior. Apple and Google are representatives.

If you have a question, put $5 at patreon and message me.



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YouTube top earners: A seven-year-old making $22M

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Ryan of Ryan ToysReviewImage copyright YouTube Image caption Ryan's earnings have doubled since last year

A seven-year-old boy who reviews toys has been revealed as YouTube's highest-earning star, raking in $22m (£17.3m).

The estimate by Forbes magazine found that Ryan of Ryan ToysReview pipped Jake Paul by $500,000 for the 12 months to June.

Videos are posted most days and one promoting a blue giant mystery egg bearing Ryan's face has had more than a million views since Sunday.

The Dude Perfect channel was in third place, making $20m, Forbes said.

Ryan's earnings, which do not include tax or fees charged by agents or lawyers, have doubled compared with the previous year.

Asked by NBC why kids liked watching his videos, Ryan - who is now eight - replied: "Because I'm entertaining and I'm funny."

Since the channel was set up by Jake's parents in March 2015 when he was just three, its videos have had almost 26 billion views and amassed 17.3 million followers.

Forbes said all but $1m of the $22m total is generated by advertising shown before videos, with the remainder coming from sponsored posts.

The amount generated by sponsored posts is small compared with other top YouTubers, Forbes writes. It is "the result not only of how few deals Ryan (or his family) chooses to accept, but also the fact that his pint-sized demographic isn't exactly all that flush".

The toys featured in one of the channel's videos can sell out instantly.

In August, Walmart began selling an exclusive range of toys and clothing called Ryan's World, and a video showing Ryan and his parents searching for his own toys at a Walmart store has had 14 million views in three months.

The revenues from the Walmart deal are set to substantially increase Ryan's total earnings next year.

As he is still a child, 15% of Ryan's earnings are put into a bank account that he can only access when he becomes a legal adult.

Ryan's twin sisters haven't been left out of the fun either: they feature in some videos on a related YouTube channel called Ryan's Family Review.

A video titled "Top 10 Science Experiments you can do at home for kids" starring the three children has had more than 26 million views:

Daniel Middleton, the Minecraft gamer who topped the 2017 list with earnings of $16.5m, has slipped to fourth place.

While Jake Paul moved up six places to second, his brother Logan Paul has tumbled down the Forbes rankings this year to 10th place with $14.5m - still $3m more than 2017.

Logan Paul apologised in January after showing the body of an apparent suicide victim in Japan in one of his videos.

Google, which owns YouTube, removed Paul's channels from its Google Preferred programme, where brands sell ads on the platform's top 5% of content creators, in the wake of the controversy.



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The Bare Minimum You Should Do to Protect Your Family's Data

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The thing is, most of us are far too reliant on technology to stop using it now. You may delete Facebook for a while … but you always go back, because how else are you going to see your cousin’s new baby? And how can you tell your kid’s teacher your kid can’t sign up for Google Classroom when that’s how the students work on group projects? It may be a stretch to say we need technology, but we sure don’t want to live without it. Fortunately, there are some simple things you can do to reach a higher level of safety and security. It’s important that the whole family is on board with these privacy best practices, because your data is only as strong as the weakest link. Do these now:

Use strict privacy settings in apps and on websites. When you or your kid signs up for a new website or app, establish your privacy preferences immediately. The default settings on most apps usually aren’t super private, but on popular social media such as Instagram, Tik Tok, and Snapchat, you can control things like who can see what you post, who can contact you, and whose posts you can see.

Enable two-factor authentication. For an added layer of protection, enable two-factor authentication on apps and sites (like Gmail or Facebook) when available. This will help protect your accounts from hackers by sending a code to your phone when you log in from an unfamiliar device.

Beware of phishing scams. Don’t open emails, texts, online “security” alerts, text notifications, or other things from anyone you don’t know, don’t recognize, or weren’t expecting. Often this is “phishing” — companies sending out enticements hoping someone will click on them, thereby allowing entry to your device. Phishers can make their messages look authentic by copying logos from companies such as Amazon, Google, or even the IRS. But they often make mistakes such as using unusual grammar, weird punctuation, or threatening language.

Use antivirus protection. Buy and download antivirus software from a reputable source such as McAfee, Norton, or Symantec. Beware of free antivirus software, as it can contain malware. The iOS operating system has antivirus software built in, but it can still be vulnerable, so make sure you update your OS when prompted, as the updates can fix security holes.

Don’t use unsecure Wi-Fi networks. Make sure any Wi-Fi you connect to has the little lock sign next to it and requires a password. Hackers are notorious for sneaking into unsecured Wi-Fi. Even better, get a VPN (virtual private network) — but, just like with antivirus software, don’t use a free VPN.

Fine-tune your browser settings. Take a look at the privacy settings offered in your browser (usually in the Tools or Settings menus.) Most browsers let you turn off certain features — for example, the “cookies” that websites install on your computer that track your movements. Some cookies, such as those that remember your login names or items in your online shopping cart, can be beneficial. But some cookies are designed to remember everything you do online, build a profile of your personal information and habits, and sell that information to advertisers and other companies. Consider using plug-ins like Privacy Badger or HTTPS Everywhere to block tracking or keep your activity safer from snoops.

Turn off location services. Unless you use an app that lets you track your kid’s location for safety reasons, turn off location services on your phone and your kid’s phone. You can turn them on again if you want to find local businesses or use your mapping program.

Don’t let apps share data. When you download a social app, it will ask if it can access information stored on your phone, such as your contacts, photos, music, and calendar. Say no. If the app won’t work without this data, consider whether you can share some of what it’s requesting but not all. Or find a similar app that doesn’t overreach.

Be careful with social logins. When you log onto a site or app with your Facebook or Google username and password, you may be agreeing to share certain information from your profile. Read the fine print to know what you’re sharing, and edit if possible. Even if you limit what’s shared with the third party, your social network will continue to track your behavior.

Do regular privacy checks. Get in the habit of regularly checking your privacy settings on all social apps you use. Do this in front of your kids and narrate the experience to demonstrate how important keeping track of your information is. You can also download all your data from Google or Facebook, for example, to see what’s been collected.

Use tough passwords and change them frequently. The best practice for passwords is to use real words or phrases you can remember easily — but spell them incorrectly. They should be at least eight characters and have a combination of letters, numbers, and special characters, such as 5pEAzhawh$ for “five pizzas.” Even better, use a password manager like Lastpass. Get more password tips.

Tweak your home assistants. Keep Alexa and Google Home’s microphones off if you’re not using them. Also, periodically comb through the settings either on the apps or in your online profile to see what you’ve shared and whether you need to delete recordings or make other privacy changes.

Cover your cameras. Whether it’s with a Post-it or a cute customized cover, block your webcam from potential spies. It might seem paranoid, but even Mark Zuckerberg does it.

*What is the IRL Podcast?* Our online life is real life. We walk, talk, work, LOL and even love on the Internet – but we don’t always treat it like real life. Host Manoush Zomorodi explores this disconnect with stories from the wilds of the Web, and gets to the bottom of online issues that affect us all. Whether it’s privacy breaches, closed platforms, hacking, fake news, or cyber bullying, we the people have the power to change the course of the Internet, keeping it ethical, safe, weird, and wonderful for everyone. IRL is an original podcast from Mozilla.



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I've used Apple computers my entire life. why I'm never buying one again

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Hollis Johnson/Business Insider

  • I've grown up with Apple computers my entire life, starting with a model released the year I was born (1986).
  • Apple's design choices have been increasingly hostile to users who want to make even the smallest improvements to their devices themselves.
  • I've decided my current MacBook Pro laptop will be my last. Apple's just not the computer company for me anymore - and it would probably agree.

For most of my life, I've been more than just an Apple fanboy - I've been an Apple disciple.

My first computer was a Macintosh 512Ke, released the year I was born (1986), and I've been using Apple computers ever since.

I once got thrown out of a class in fifth grade for pitching a fit when my teacher had the gall to suggest that Steve Jobs and Bill Gates worked together to create the Mac. I was on that level of frankly embarrassing devotion to Apple (and belated apologies to all those who had to put up with me).

So when I say I'm leaving Apple computers behind, it feels a little like leaving the church. But I am, and here's why.

How we got here

iMac.Getty

First, a little history.

Before Apple was the largest tech company in the world, as it was in the first half of 2018, according to Forbes, it was merely Apple Computer, a much beloved but often battered tech company with a niche of hardcore fans - largely artists, musicians, and geeks of a certain persuasion.

In 1997, the company was "about 90 days from going broke," The New York Times reported earlier this year.

But then came the redemptive success of the iMac in 1998 with its famous Bondi blue color, followed by a cavalcade of candy-colored brethren.

In 2007, the iPhone arrived, ushering in the smartphone era with user-friendly appeal and the sheer force of marketing gusto. (It wasn't the first smartphone to market, but it transformed the industry, according to Recode.)

It's not me, it's you

Steve Jobs introducing the 2008 MacBook Air.Getty Images

In retrospect, 2007 was the beginning of the end for me and Apple, even as I continued to own iPhones, iPads, and MacBook Pros for another decade.

The MacBook Air arrived in 2008: an ultra-slim, ultra-light laptop that ushered in an era of design reflected in many laptops today, according to Gizmodo.

But with that design came a less desirable change, Wired reported: The Air's RAM, or computer memory, was soldered to the logic board, also known as a motherboard - the proverbial engine of a computer where the majority of its key components live. In addition, its battery was uncommonly hard to replace, requiring special tools and the removal of 19 screws, according to the self-repair website iFixit's teardown of the machine.

This was unusual. Upgrading your memory and changing out your battery were among the most common modifications even non-gearheads made, especially at the time.

The 2008 Air represented a break from convention that presaged the next decade of Apple's design choices - away from the consumer and toward its own Genius repair techs.

Read more: I had an Apple Store experience from hell - and it's clear there are larger problems with Apple's retail presence

The right to repair

The 2012 Retina MacBook Pro.Apple

When the Air first came out, Mac aficionados like myself made space for the non-upgradeable nature of the computer. After all, it was the world's thinnest notebook! Concessions had to be made.

But the trend continued. Wired described 2012's Retina MacBook Pro as "unfixable, unhackable, untenable" for its soldered and glued components. iFixit gave it the lowest possible repairability score, a one out of 10.

Apple's Pro line was previously for users like myself who wanted both power and upgradeability, but a look at iFixit's list of repairability scores shows that once 2012 rolled around, Retina Pros and eventually all Pro models took a dip from a user-friendly seven, for the early 2011 MacBook Pro, to never better than a two.

2016's MacBook Pros with Touch Bar featured RAM, a hard drive, VRAM, and batteries that were hard or impossible for users to change or repair, in what Gizmodo dubbed a "war on upgrades."

To get a little more insight on these developments - and verify I wasn't making mountains out of molehills - I spoke to Taylor Dixon, a teardown engineer at iFixit. He confirmed my suspicions.

"If you go back and look at the early PowerBooks and Power Macs that became the first Mac Pros, those were all incredibly modular," he said. "That's where Apple gets its reputation for being so powerful and upgradeable."

Today's MacBooks are different, Dixon said.

"What's left to repair is everything not connected to the logic board in some way," he said. "And a lot of it is incredibly difficult to do."

Broken keyboards, broken promises

Just last summer, Apple announced it would replace broken keyboards on its MacBook products going back to 2015 for free, Wired reported. The newer, "butterfly style" keyboards that have been the subject of consumer uproar are notorious for breaking, since particles can get trapped beneath the keys with no simple way to get them out.

The keyboard is also - you guessed it - difficult if not impossible to repair on your own.

T2: The Terminator Chip

The final nail in the proverbial coffin for me and Apple was the discovery in 2018 that new Macs would include Apple's T2 chip, a processor that handles security features, including what kind of replacement parts are allowed in the machine.

"It's very possible the goal is to exert more control over who can perform repairs by limiting access to parts," iFixit's CEO, Kyle Wiens, told The Verge earlier this month. "This could be an attempt to grab more market share from the independent repair providers. Or it could be a threat to keep their authorized network in line. We just don't know."

While iFixit's teardown of the 2018 MacBook Air saw its engineers work on the machine without the T2 chip shutting the computer down, that wouldn't necessarily prevent the company from doing that in the future.

Dixon pointed to the case of the iPhone 6, where users who repaired the home button suddenly found their phone disabled. Apple eventually restored the phone's functionality, but for many, the Touch ID fingerprint-identification feature remained disabled, according to TechCrunch.

Read more: If you have an iPhone 6S or older, it's officially time to upgrade to a new phone

Luxury products leave little room for geeks

REUTERS/Brendan McDermid

Disillusionment with something you grew up with and loved is often a death by a thousand cuts.

"It's really easy to paint Apple as a villain," Dixon said. "I don't think it's necessarily for us to say." He added that it was "hard to say" whether the lack of repairability "is done out of hostility or business."

But what if being hostile is good business? Having to go to the Genius Bar instead of fixing your computer at home, and having to buy Apple's certified products instead of third-party ones undoubtedly are smart financial moves for the company.

But I don't like owning things I can't tinker with or fix even a little, out of both frugality and a desire to create a little less waste in the world. As Business Insider noted earlier this year, Apple is increasingly becoming a luxury brand. And luxury buyers might be more comfortable with some planned obsolescence than this humble journalist.

Regardless, I'm sure the trillion-dollar tech company won't miss me.

Anyone have recommendations for a good PC?

NOW WATCH: Popular Videos from Insider Inc.



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‘I’m Broke and Mostly Friendless, and I’ve Wasted My Whole Life’

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The Cut’s advice columnist Heather Havrilesky answers readers’ questions about how to be in the world. Got a question for Polly? Email askpolly@nymag.com.

Photo: White Fox/AGF/UIG via Getty Images

Hi, Polly,

I feel like a ghost. I’m a 35-year-old woman, and I have nothing to show for it. My 20s and early 30s have been a twisting crisscross of moves all over the West Coast, a couple of brief stints abroad, multiple jobs in a mediocre role with no real upward track. I was also the poster child for serial monogamy. My most hopeful and longest lasting relationship (three and a half years, whoopee) ended two years ago. We moved to a new town (my fourth new city), created a home together, and then nose-dived into a traumatic breakup that launched me to my fifth and current city and who-knows-what-number job.

For all these years of quick changes and rash decisions, which I once rationalized as adventurous, exploratory, and living an “original life,” I have nothing to show for it. I have no wealth, and I’m now saddled with enough debt from all of my moves, poor decisions, and lack of career drive that I may never be able to retire. I have no career milestones and don’t care for my line of work all that much anyway, but now it’s my lifeline, as I only have enough savings to buy a hotel room for two nights. I have no family nearby, no long-term relationship built on years of mutual growth and shared experiences, no children. While I make friends easily, I’ve left most of my friends behind in each city I’ve moved from while they’ve continued to grow deep roots: marriages, homeownership, career growth, community, families, children. I have a few close girlfriends, for which I am grateful, but life keeps getting busier and our conversations are now months apart. Most of my nights are spent alone with my cat (cue the cliché).

I used to consider myself creative — a good writer, poetic, passionate, curious. Now, after many years of demanding yet uninspiring jobs, multiple heartbreaks, move after move, financial woes, I’m quite frankly exhausted. I can barely remember to buy dish soap let alone contemplate humanity or be inspired by Anaïs Nin’s diaries. Honestly, I find artists offensive because I’m jealous and don’t understand how I landed this far away from myself.

Also, within the past year I’ve had a breast-cancer scare and required surgery on my uterus due to a fertility issue. On top of that, I’m 35 and every gyno and women’s-health website this side of the Mississippi is telling me my fertility is dropping faster than a piano falling out of the sky. Now I’m looking into freezing my eggs, adding to my never-ending financial burden, in hopes of possibly making something of this haunted house and having a family someday with a no-named man.

I’m trying, Polly. I am. I’m dating. I’m working out and working hard. Listening to music I enjoy and loving my cat. Calling my mom. Yet I truly feel like a ghost. No one knows who I am or where I’ve been. I haven’t kept a friend, lover, or foe around long enough to give anyone a chance. What’s the point? I don’t care for my job. I’m not building toward anything, and I don’t have the time or money to really invest in what I care about anyway at this point. On top of that, society is telling me my value as a woman is fading fast, my wrinkles require Botox (reference said poor finances), all the while my manager is asking for me to finish “that report by Monday.” Why bother?

My apathy is coming out in weird ways. I’m drinking too much, and when I do see my friends on occasion, I end up getting drunk and angry or sad or both and pushing them away. And with men I date, I feel pressure to make something of the relationship too soon (move in, get married, “I have to have kids in a couple of years”; fun times!). All the while still trying to be the sexpot 25-year-old I thought I was until what seemed like a moment ago.

I used to think I was the one who had it all figured out. Adventurous life in the city! Traveling the world! Making memories! Now I feel incredibly hollow. And foolish. How can I make a future for myself that I can get excited about out of these wasted years?  What reserves or identity can I draw from when I feel like I’ve accrued nothing up to this point with my life choices?

Haunted

Dear Haunted,

Art isn’t something you need an outside license or a paycheck to pursue. It’s a way of life. It’s a way of adding up what you feel and where you’ve been and what you fear and what you can imagine. It’s a way of seeing your life through a lens that makes everything — good and bad, confusing and clarifying, uplifting and depressing — valuable.

Shame is the opposite of art. When you live inside of your shame, everything you see is inadequate and embarrassing. A lifetime of traveling and having adventures and not being tethered to long-term commitments looks empty and pathetic and foolish, through the lens of shame. You haven’t found a partner. Your face is aging. Your body will only grow weaker. Your mind is less elastic. Your time is running out. Shame turns every emotion into the manifestation of some personality flaw, every casual choice into a giant mistake, every small blunder into a moral failure. Shame means that you’re damned and you’ve accomplished nothing and it’s all downhill from here.

You need to discard some of this shame you’re carrying around all the time. But even if you can’t cast off your shame that quickly, through the lens of art, shame becomes valuable. When you’re curious about your shame instead of afraid of it, you can see the true texture of the day and the richness of the moment, with all of its flaws. You can run your hands along your own self-defeating edges until you get a splinter, and you can pull the splinter out and stare at it and consider it. When you face your shame with an open heart, you’re on a path to art, on a path to finding joy and misery and fear and hope in the folds of your day. Even as your job is slow and dull and pointless, even as your afternoons alone feel treacherous and daunting, you can train your eyes on the low-hanging clouds until a tiny bit of sunlight filters through. You are alive and you will probably be alive for many decades to come. The numbers on your credit-card statements can feel harrowing, but you can take that feeling and keep it company instead of letting it eat you alive. You can walk to the corner store to buy a newspaper and pull out the weekend calendar section and circle something, and make a commitment to do that one thing. You can build a new kind of existence, one that feels small and flawed and honest, but each day you accumulate a kind of treasure that doesn’t disappear. Because instead of running away from the truth, you welcome it in. You don’t treat what you have as pointless. You work with what you have.

That doesn’t mean it’s easy. It’s not easy for anyone, no matter how many deep roots they might’ve nurtured. I find it very hard, even now, to do the hard things that I need to do in order to feel good. I slip into bad habits easily, without noticing, and my worldview suffers for it. I know exactly which good practices will fuel me and make me wake up to the world around me. I know that, when I’m feeling ashamed and sick inside, I have to stand outside of that feeling and examine it and treat it like a fascinating artifact, something useful, something to build from, something to treasure, even.

Let me be more concrete: Promoting a book — which is what I’ve been doing since my new book came out last month — is fun and exciting. You get to travel and meet new people. But there are aspects of it that feel a little corrosive. Too much focus on the self, on presentation, on sales numbers, on whether or not your work matters. Right now I’m reading the novel Less, by Andrew Sean Greer, and I love the way it captures exactly how insecure writers can be, and how much the world will magically transform around them in order to manifest that insecurity and then torture them with it. But Less is also a story about shame. When you carry around a suspicion that there’s something sort of embarrassing or pathetic about you, you find ways to project that shame onto completely innocuous things. You find ways to tell yourself that everyone is laughing at you behind your back somewhere, possibly at a party where they are serving beautiful tasty drinks but you weren’t invited. You’re too old now. You’re no longer exciting or important. You don’t matter. You never really did.

Shame creates imaginary worlds inside your head. This haunted house you’re creating is forged from your shame. No one else can see it, so you keep trying to describe it to them. You find ways to say, “You don’t want any part of this mess. I’m mediocre, aging rapidly, and poor. Do yourself a favor and leave me behind.” You want to be left behind, though. That way, no one bears witness to what you’ve become.

It’s time to come out of hiding. It’s time to step into the light and be seen, shame and wrinkles and failures and fears and all.

I’ve had to step into the light myself lately. I’ve had to admit that I was building a new haunted house out of my imagination. But my mistakes and experiences and choices brought me to this moment. They might make me sad or embarrassed or regretful, but they’re precious because they give this day its unique mood. When I drag them into the light, I feel better. This is where I can begin. Today, I have countless chances to reinvent and rework and reorder myself and my experience. You do, too. I can figure out some way to make one true connection, to do one hard thing, to savor one moment. So can you.

I know you’re trying. I know you’re working hard, and you’re tired. You don’t like your job, but you don’t feel like you can quit. You wish you hadn’t lived the way you’ve lived. You wish you’d made closer friends and built more lasting relationships and stayed in one place. You feel like you have very little time left. And maybe you don’t even care that much about the time you have left, right now.

But your concept of yourself makes no sense. You got it from a rom-com. Age 35 is not an expiration date on your beauty or your worth. It doesn’t matter if every single human alive believes this. It’s your job to cast this notion out forever. I’m 48 years old and I’m determined not to tell a story about myself that started in some beauty-product boardroom, among unimaginative corporate marketing professionals. I fail at this quest often, but I’m still determined. I’m going to choose to embrace narratives that make me feel more alive and able to contribute whatever twisted crafts I can to this world, while I can.

If you want to build a life with a partner, and have a more satisfying career, and maybe have children, you need to treat yourself like a treasured child starting today. If you had a daughter who was 35 years old and felt like all of her traveling and moving was a giant mistake that embodied everything BAD and shortsighted about her, what would you tell her? You’d tell her she was wrong. You’d say, “Your life is just beginning!”

Learn to treat yourself the way a loving older parent would. Tell yourself: This reckoning serves a purpose. Your traveling served a purpose. Your moving served a purpose. You’re sitting on a pile of gold that you earned through your own hard work, you just can’t see it yet. You can’t see it because you’re blinded by your shame.

It’s okay to be in debt and worried. It’s okay to feel lonely and lost. It’s okay to feel tired of trying. It’s okay to want more and wonder how to get it. You’re just a human, this is how we feel a lot. It’s not irregular or aberrant to feel despair. This is part of survival. Your shame is forming your despair into a merciless story about your worth. Don’t let it do that. Build something else from your shame instead.

What will you build? Only you know that. What is shame worth? You’ll find out once you start digging in.

I’ll start for you. My shame is enormous: I keep seeing that lately. It keeps me online, interacting with ghosts, making meaning out of my pointless little broadcasts and pronouncements. It keeps me scanning the horizons for improvements. My shame keeps me fixated on novelties, on the future, on some exciting version of me that’s only a purchase or a breakthrough away. “You can be better than this,” my shame whispers in my ear. “You need to try harder. You need to hide the scary things you carry around. You need to act like you’ve arrived, even though you’re so inadequate and broken that you never will.”

When I’m hiding from my shame and also viewing my life through the lens of that shame, I get fixated on WHAT NEEDS FIXING. But nothing needs fixing, actually. I need to come back to reality and live there instead. Living in reality means becoming a scientist of shame. It’s an investigation. I can look at my shame, consider it, lament it, celebrate it, treasure it — how it changes the atmospheric pressure, how it makes it possible for me to reach out, to other people, in the hopes of making some connection, how it opens my eyes to the beautiful little awkward minutes of this day. My shame is the fuel that keeps me writing. My shame is the fuel that makes me exercise. My shame gives me a lens for understanding my husband and my kids. My shame makes my work possible. My shame — when I invite it in and forgive it — builds my empathy for others.

Treat yourself well and look closely at your shame. Are you supposed to stay in a job you hate as punishment for your debts? What if you ate baked potatoes and beans and rice for a full year and tried out some new career paths? What if you reached out to other people, and friends, and family, and let your shame into the room with you? What if you simply experimented with being who you are, out in the open, even as that feels difficult and awkward and sad?

What if you just decided that you’re an artist, today, right now? You’re sensitive and erratic, maybe. You’re maudlin and also expansive. What would it look like to own that identity, as a means of making art, sure, but also as a means of owning your FULL SELF? You wouldn’t feel as angry at other artists. You would recognize them as kindred spirits. You might notice how your shame matches theirs, and fuels all of you. You might feel proud of your small creations and you might start to see how every single thing you’ve done, every place you’ve been, every town you’ve lived in and left, every friend you’ve gotten to know and then forgotten, they all add up to a giant pile of treasure.

You are 95 years old, looking back at your 35-year-old self, and this is what you see: a young woman, so young, so disappointed, even though everything is about to get really good. She doesn’t see how much she’s accomplished, how much she’s learned, how many new joys await her. She doesn’t know how strong she is. She is blindfolded, sitting on a mountain of glittering gems. She is beautiful, but she feels ugly. She has a rich imagination and a colorful past, but she feels poor. She thinks she deserves to be berated because she has nothing. She has everything she needs.

Speaking of which, I went to go visit that 93-year-old woman I met on the plane, the one I wrote about a few weeks ago. She had told me her birthday was coming up, so I brought her a birthday card.

But it was difficult. It made me feel dumb to show up at her house with a card. I felt embarrassed for some reason. I even felt a little stupid calling her earlier today, asking if she needed anything. I don’t have a ton of free time. I have a long list of things I should be doing. It feels dopey to call someone new, someone who is much older and probably has other things to do.

But this woman, I like her a lot. She is extremely interesting. She tells long-winded, wild stories. She plays poker and has a lot of friends. She even sang me a song that she wrote in 1968. She grew up during the Prohibition, motherfuckers. She’s had a lot of experiences and she’s made a lot of mistakes, and she doesn’t mind talking about them. She’s a very honest person.

Before I left, she gave me a porcelain cat with a grumpy expression on its face that was sitting outside, covered in dust. She’s getting rid of some of her old things, she said. I’d be doing her a favor by taking it. “I don’t need anything from you, trust me,” I said. “I just like your company.” “Take the cat anyway,” she said.

As I opened the front door, I turned around and told her how nice it was, talking to her. She smiled. “You’re a human being,” she said. “A real human being.”

“I am,” I said. “I wasn’t a few years ago. But I am now.”

All you have to be is a human being, haunted. That’s success. When you’re a human being, life feels satisfying. Everything adds up. Every little thing matters. Look at what you have. This is where it all begins. All you have to do is open your eyes.

Polly

Order Heather Havrilesky’s new book, What If This Were Enoughhere. Her advice column will appear here every Wednesday.

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Video | Paul Boutilier: How to Evaluate & Guide Hockey Players to Think & Play Fast

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Belleville Senators of the American Hockey League, the farm team of the Ottawa Senators, is a hotspot for teaching young hockey players about the importance of playing fast. It sounds easy enough, but for Assistant Coach Paul Boutilier, playing fast on the ice all comes back to the amount of information retained off the ice.

“Our goal when we’re coaching is retention rate. How can we get our players to retain as much as possible? We want them to have a feel for the game so they can play fast. Feel is the mortar of a player’s development.”

Think fast, then play fast. That’s the formula Coach Boutilier and the staff at Belleville have employed. One way they search for results is simply to ask their players to analyze their own performance. That way their minds are engaged and they become part of the solution before stepping foot back on the ice. 

And for Paul, some of the most gratifying moments as a coach come when players ask for feedback. Watch the trailer below or subscribe here to hear Paul Boutilier’s favourite response when his players ask what they did wrong.

 

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Guido van Rossum: What do do with your computer science career

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I regularly receive questions from students in the field of computer science looking for career advice.

Here's an answer I wrote to one of them. It's not comprehensive or anything, but I thought people might find it interesting.

The question about "9-5" vs. "enterpreneur" is a complex one -- not everybody can be a successful entrepreneur (who would do the work? :-) and not everybody has the temperament for it. For me personally it was never an option -- there are vast parts of management and entrepreneurship that I wouldn't enjoy doing, such as hiring (I hate interviewing and am bad at it) and firing (too emotionally draining -- even just giving negative feedback is hard for me). Pitching ideas to investors is another thing that I'd rather do without.

If any of that resonates with you, you may be better off not opting for entrepreneurship -- the kind of 9-5 software development jobs I have had are actually (mostly) very rewarding in the sense that I get to write software that gets used by 100s or 1000s of other developers (or millions in the case of Python), and those other developers in turn use my software to produce product that get uses by 100s of 1000s or, indeed 100s of millions of users. Not every 9-5 job is the same! For me personally, I don't like the product stuff (since usually that means it's products I have no interest in using myself) but "your mileage may vary" (as they say in the US). Just try to do better than an entry-level web development job.

[The question here was about whether AI would make human software developers redundant, not about what I think of the field of AI as a career choice]
Regarding AI, I'm not worried at all. The field is focused on automating boring, repetitive tasks like driving a car or recognizing faces, which humans can learn to do easily but find boring if they have to do it all the time. The field of software engineering is never boring, since as soon as a task is repetitive, you automate it, and you start solving new problems.

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